France

With 67 million inhabitants, France is the second most populated country in Europe. Nearly 20% of the population is clustered in the Paris region. The transport system is similarly centralised, with many roads and railway lines leading to and from the French capital. Road transport is by far the leading mode of transport for passengers and freight, despite the country's extensive rail and waterway systems. 

France aims to reduce emissions from land transport to zero by 2050. This is to be supported by a ban on sales of fossil-fuel vehicles from 2040 onward. France has implemented a wide range of measures to promote low-carbon transport and energy sectors.